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How soccer players make the ball curve — Part 3: How soccer players make the ball curve — Part 3: Limits, Trade-offs, and Open Questions

Section 1 of 6

What Limits Exist?

What are the fundamental constraints on making a soccer ball curve in the air? When a player wants to make the ball curve, several limits are at play. First, there’s the amount of spin: the ball needs just the right amount of spin to create the curve. Too little spin and the ball won’t bend as expected; too much spin and it may not reach the desired target. Wind can also be a limit. A strong wind can push the ball in an unexpected direction, affecting the curve. Additionally, the shape and size of the soccer field can limit how much space players have to execute their curving kicks. Players also need to kick from the right spot on their foot. Think of it like cutting fruit: if you slice an apple the wrong way, you won't make a perfect piece, just as a soccer ball won't curve right if it's not kicked correctly. Lastly, there's the limit of human ability—a player can only kick so hard and so precisely at once.

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